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THERAPEUTICS, INC. DE 84-2984849 2200 Bridge Pkwy Suite #102 Redwood City CA 94065 (650) 549-1400 Voting Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share JSPR NASDAQ Redeemable Warrants, each ten warrants exercisable for one share of Voting Common Stock at an exercise price of $115.00 JSPRW NASDAQ No No Yes Yes Non-accelerated Filer true false false false false 74800000 27996819 None. Risk Management and StrategyOur Information Security team manages our Information Security Program, which is focused on assessing, identifying, and managing cyber risk and information security threats. We evaluate cybersecurity risk on an ongoing basis, and it is a risk monitored through our overall enterprise risk management program, including by the executive leadership and our Board of Directors (the “Board”), as described below under the sub-heading “Governance.”To proactively manage cybersecurity risk in our organization, our management team has instituted an Information Technology Security Policy that is available to all employees through our Quality Management System. We also conduct regular cybersecurity awareness and training campaigns for existing employees. Stakeholders can access Jasper’s Information Technology helpdesk 24/7 online or by phone, to report any security incidents for escalation.To proactively identify, mitigate, and prepare for potential cybersecurity incidents, we maintain a cyber incident response plan with formalized workflows and playbooks. We conduct simulation exercises involving employees at various levels of the organization. We also periodically engage external partners to conduct annual audits of our systems and test our Information Technology infrastructure. Through these channels and others, we work to proactively identify potential vulnerabilities in our information security system. We recognize that we are exposed to cybersecurity threats associated with our use of third-party service providers. To minimize the risk and vulnerabilities to our own systems stemming from such use, our Information Security team identifies, and addresses known cybersecurity threats and incidents at third-party service providers on a continuous basis. In addition, we strive to minimize cybersecurity risks when we first select or renew a vendor by including cybersecurity risk as part of our overall vendor evaluation and due diligence process.Our risks associated with cybersecurity threats are set forth under “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A in this report. Except as set forth therein, risks from cybersecurity threats, including as a result of any previous cybersecurity incidents, have not materially affected and are not reasonably likely to materially affect our company, including our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. true Except as set forth therein, risks from cybersecurity threats, including as a result of any previous cybersecurity incidents, have not materially affected and are not reasonably likely to materially affect our company, including our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. The Board, in coordination with the Audit Committee of the Board (the “Audit Committee”), oversees our risk management program, including the management of cybersecurity threats. The Board and the Audit Committee each receive regular presentations and reports on developments in the cybersecurity space, including risk management practices, recent developments, evolving standards, vulnerability assessments, third-party and independent reviews, the threat environment, technological trends, and information security issues encountered by our peers and third parties. The Board and the Audit Committee also receive prompt and timely information regarding any cybersecurity risk that meets pre-established reporting thresholds, as well as ongoing updates regarding any such risk. On an annual basis, the Board and the Audit Committee discuss our approach to overseeing cybersecurity threats with our CFO and other members of senior management. Our CEO, CFO and other members of our senior management collectively have several decades of experience managing risk at our company or similar companies and assessing cybersecurity threats. 238 Opinion on the Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Jasper Therapeutics, Inc. and its subsidiary (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, of stockholders’ equity and of cash flows for the years then ended, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. 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NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Basis of Presentation The consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for financial reporting. The financial statements are consolidated for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, and include the accounts of Jasper Therapeutics, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Jasper Tx Corp, which had no operations during the periods presented. Going Concern In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 205-40, Going Concern, the Company evaluated whether there are conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the consolidated financial statements are issued. This evaluation initially does not take into consideration the potential mitigating effect of the Company’s plans that have not been fully implemented as of the date the financial statements are issued. When substantial doubt exists under this methodology, the Company evaluates whether the mitigating effect of its plans sufficiently alleviates substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. The mitigating effect of the Company’s plans, however, is only considered if both (1) it is probable that the plans will be effectively implemented within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued, and (2) it is probable that the plans, when implemented, will mitigate the relevant conditions or events that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the consolidated financial statements are issued. In performing this analysis, the Company excluded certain elements of its operating plan that cannot be considered probable. The Company has incurred significant losses and negative cash flows from operations since its inception. During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company incurred net losses of $75.8 million and $71.3 million, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had negative operating cash flows of $77.2 million and $62.6 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2025, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $316.7 million. The Company expects to continue to incur substantial losses, and its ability to achieve and sustain profitability will depend on the successful development, approval, and commercialization of product candidates and on the achievement of sufficient revenues to support the Company’s cost structure.Management expects to finance the Company’s future cash needs through equity or debt financings, collaborations or a combination of these approaches. However, due to several factors, including those outside management’s control, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to complete additional financings. The Company’s ability to raise additional funds may be adversely impacted by negative global economic conditions and any disruptions to and volatility in the credit and financial markets in the United States and worldwide or other factors. There can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in acquiring additional funding at levels sufficient to fund its operations or on terms favorable or acceptable to the Company. If the Company is unable to obtain adequate financing when needed or on terms favorable or acceptable to it, the Company may be forced to delay, reduce the scope of or eliminate one or more of its research and development programs. The Company concluded the likelihood that its plan to successfully obtain sufficient funding or adequately delay or reduce expenditures, while reasonably possible, is less than probable. As of December 31, 2025, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $28.7 million. The Company’s management expects that the existing cash and cash equivalents will not be sufficient to fund the Company’s operating plans for at least twelve months from the issuance date of these consolidated financial statements. Accordingly, the Company has concluded that substantial doubt exists about its ability to continue as a going concern. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the ordinary course of business. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might result from the outcome of the uncertainties described above. Reverse Stock Split On January 4, 2024, the Company effected a 1-for-10 reverse stock split (the “Reverse Stock Split”) of its common stock. The par value per share and the number of authorized shares were not adjusted as a result of the Reverse Stock Split. The shares of common stock underlying outstanding stock options, common stock warrants and other equity instruments were proportionately reduced and the respective exercise prices, if applicable, were proportionately increased in accordance with the terms of the agreements governing such securities. In addition, the shares available for grants under the Company’s incentive plans were adjusted as a result of the Reverse Stock Split. Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates, assumptions and judgements that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting periods. Significant estimates and assumptions made in the consolidated financial statements include but are not limited to, the determination of the accrued research and development expenses, the measurement of stock-based compensation expense and the valuation of warrant liability. The Company evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors and adjusts those estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates. Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total amount shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands): <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Cash and cash equivalents</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">28,692</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">71,637</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Restricted cash</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">417</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">417</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt; padding-left: 9pt">Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">29,109</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">72,054</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash held in operating accounts and investments in money market funds. Restricted cash relates to the letter of credit secured in conjunction with the operating lease (Note 8).Concentrations of Credit Risk and Other Risks and Uncertainties The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are maintained with financial institutions in the United States of America. Cash balances are held at financial institutions and account balances may exceed federally insured limits. To date, the Company has not experienced any losses on its cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities’ balances and periodically evaluates the creditworthiness of its financial institutions. The Company is subject to risks common to companies in the development stage, including, but not limited to, development and regulatory approval of new product candidates, development of markets and distribution channels, dependence on key personnel, and the ability to obtain additional capital as needed to fund its product plans. To achieve profitable operations, the Company must successfully develop and obtain requisite regulatory approvals for, manufacture, and market its product candidates. There can be no assurance that any such product candidate can be developed and approved or manufactured at an acceptable cost and with appropriate performance characteristics, or that such product will be successfully marketed. These factors could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s future financial results. Products developed by the Company require approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) or other international regulatory agencies prior to commercial sales. There can be no assurance that the Company’s future products will receive the necessary clearances. If the Company were denied such clearances or such clearances were delayed, it could have a materially adverse impact on the Company. Property and Equipment, Net Property and equipment, net is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally 3 to 5 years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the remaining term of the lease. Upon the sale or retirement of assets, the cost and related accumulated depreciation and amortization are removed from the balance sheets and the resulting gain or loss is reflected in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment, principally property and equipment, whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be fully recoverable. Recoverability of assets held and used is measured by comparing the carrying amount of an asset to future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the Company determines that the carrying value of long-lived assets may not be recoverable, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques, principally discounted cash flow models, to assess the fair values of long-lived assets. The Company recognized an impairment loss of $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, which was recorded in research and development and general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss in the amounts of $0.8 million and $0.3 million, respectively (see Note 16). The Company did not record any impairment of long-lived assets during the year ended December 31, 2024. Leases The Company determines whether an arrangement is or contains a lease at the inception of the arrangement and whether such a lease is classified as a financing lease or operating lease at the commencement date of the lease. Leases with a term greater than one year are recognized on the balance sheet as operating right-of-use assets, current portion of operating lease liabilities and non-current portion of operating lease liabilities. The Company elected not to recognize the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for leases with lease terms of 12 months or less (short-term leases). Lease liabilities and their corresponding right-of-use assets are recorded based on the present value of lease payments over the expected lease term. As the interest rate implicit in the Company’s lease contracts is not readily determinable, the Company utilizes a collateralized incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date to determine the present value of lease payments. Certain adjustments to the right-of-use asset may be required for items such as initial direct costs paid or incentives received and impairment charges if the Company determines the right-of-use asset is impaired.The Company considers the lease term to be the noncancelable period that it has the right to use the underlying asset, together with any periods where it is reasonably certain it will exercise an option to extend (or not terminate) the lease. Periods covered by an option to extend (or not terminate) the lease in which the exercise of the option is controlled by the lessor are included in the lease term. Rent expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and is presented in operating expenses on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company has elected to not separate lease and non-lease components for its real estate leases and has instead accounted for each separate lease component and the non-lease components associated with that lease component as a single lease component. Variable lease payments are recognized as lease expense as incurred and are presented in operating expenses on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company had no finance leases as of December 31, 2025 and 2024. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, warrant liability and other non-current liabilities. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. The carrying amounts of cash, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, approximate fair value due to their short-term maturities. Warrants to Purchase Common Stock The Company accounts for issued warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the warrant’s specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance included in ASC Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480”), and ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). The assessment considers whether the warrants are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, whether the warrants meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the warrants meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815. This assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, is conducted at the time of warrant issuance and as of each subsequent reporting period end date while the warrants are outstanding. Warrants that meet all of the criteria for equity classification are required to be recorded as a component of additional paid-in capital at the time of issuance, or when the conditions for equity classification are met and are not subsequently remeasured. Warrants that do not meet the required criteria for equity classification are classified as liabilities at fair value. The warrants are subsequently remeasured at each reporting date with changes in fair value recorded in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss until exercise or expiration. Accrued Research and Development Expenses The Company has entered into various agreements with outsourced vendors, contract manufacturing organizations and contract research organizations. The Company makes estimates of accrued research and development expenses as of each balance sheet date based on facts and circumstances known at that time. The Company periodically confirms the accuracy of its estimates with the service providers and makes adjustments, if necessary. Research and development accruals are estimated based on the level of services performed, progress of the studies, including the phase or completion of events, and contracted costs. The estimated costs of research and development services provided, but not yet invoiced, are included in accrued expenses on the consolidated balance sheets. If the actual timing of the performance of services or the level of effort varies from the original estimates, the Company will adjust the accrual accordingly. Payments made under these arrangements in advance of the performance of the related services are recorded as prepaid expenses and other current assets until the services are rendered. To date, there have been no material differences between estimates of such expenses and the amounts actually incurred.Research and Development The Company expenses research and development (“R&D”) expenses as incurred. R&D expenses consist primarily of personnel-related expenses, clinical trials, engineering and product development costs to support regulatory clearance of, and related regulatory compliance for, the Company’s products. Specifically, R&D expenses that support regulatory approval of, and related regulatory compliance for, the Company’s products include costs associated with the Company’s clinical trials, consisting of clinical trial design, clinical site establishment and management, clinical data management, travel expenses and the costs of products used for the Company’s clinical trials. Personnel-related expenses include salaries, benefits, bonuses and stock-based compensation of the Company’s R&D employees. Non personnel-related expenses include costs of outside consultants, testing, materials and supplies, and allocated overhead. The Company allocates overhead related to rent, facility costs, information technology and human resources costs. R&D expenses are charged to expense when incurred. General and Administrative General and administrative expenses include compensation, employee benefits and stock-based compensation for executive management, finance administration and human resources, allocated facility and information technology costs, professional service fees and other general overhead costs, including allocated depreciation to support the Company’s operations. Stock-Based Compensation The Company measures its stock options granted to employees and non-employees based on the estimated fair values of the awards as of the grant date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The model requires management to make a number of assumptions, including expected volatility, expected term, risk-free interest rate and expected dividend yield. For restricted stock unit awards, the estimated fair value is the fair market value of the underlying stock on the grant date. The Company expenses the fair value of its equity-based compensation awards on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is the period in which the related services are received. The Company accounts for award forfeitures as they occur. The expense for stock-based awards with performance conditions is recognized when it is probable that a performance condition is met during the vesting period. Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method. The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the consolidated financial statements or tax returns. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the consolidated financial statements and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. In evaluating the ability to recover its deferred income tax assets, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence, including its operating results, ongoing tax planning, and forecasts of future taxable income on a jurisdiction-by-jurisdiction basis. In the event the Company determines that it would be able to realize its deferred income tax assets in the future in excess of their net recorded amount, it would make an adjustment to the valuation allowance that would reduce the provision for income taxes. Conversely, if all or part of the net deferred tax assets are determined not to be realizable in the future, an adjustment to the valuation allowance would be charged to the provision of income taxes in the period when such determination is made. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company has recorded a full valuation allowance on its deferred tax assets. Tax benefits related to uncertain tax positions are recognized when it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained during an audit. Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are included within the provision for income tax. To date, there have been no interest or penalties recorded in relation to unrecognized tax benefits.Foreign Currency Transactions Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are initially measured in U.S. dollars using the exchange rate on the date of the transaction. Foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities are subsequently re-measured at the end of each reporting period using the exchange rate at that date, with the corresponding foreign currency transaction gain or loss recorded in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss and consolidated statements of cash flows. Nonmonetary assets and liabilities are not subsequently re-measured. Comprehensive Loss Comprehensive loss represents all changes in stockholders’ equity except those resulting from distributions to stockholders. There have been no items qualifying as other comprehensive income (loss) during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, and therefore, the Company’s comprehensive loss was the same as its reported net loss. Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders Basic net loss per common share is calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, without consideration of potentially dilutive securities. The Pre-Funded Warrants (see Note 7) are included in the computation of basic net loss per share because their exercise price is negligible and they are fully vested and exercisable at any time after the original issuance date. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders adjusted for income (expenses), net of tax, related to any diluted securities, by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock and potentially dilutive securities outstanding for the period. For purposes of the diluted net loss per share calculation, the restricted stock units, the Public Warrants (see Note 9), the Common Warrants (see Note 7) and stock options are considered to be potentially dilutive securities. Basic and diluted net loss attributable to common stockholders per share is presented in conformity with the two-class method required for participating securities. The Company considers the Common Warrants to be participating securities as the holders are entitled to receive dividends on a pari passu basis in the event that a dividend is paid on common stock. The Company’s participating securities do not have a contractual obligation to share in the Company’s losses. As such, the net loss is attributed entirely to common stockholders. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the diluted net loss per common share was the same as basic net loss per share of common stock, as the impact of potentially dilutive securities was antidilutive to the net loss per common share. The performance restricted stock units are contingently issuable shares and are not included in the diluted net loss per share calculation until contingencies are resolved. Segment Reporting The Company has one reportable and operating segment. Financial information about the Company’s operating segment is presented in Note 15. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. This ASU requires public entities, on an annual basis, to provide disclosure of specific categories in the rate reconciliation, as well as disclosure of income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. ASU No. 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted ASU No. 2023-09 as of December 31, 2025 on a prospective basis. Additional required disclosures have been included in Note 12.Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, to improve financial reporting by requiring that public business entities disclose additional information about specific expense categories in the notes to financial statements at interim and annual reporting periods. In January 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-01, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Clarifying the Effective Date (“ASU 2025-01”). The amendments do not change or remove current expense disclosure requirements; however, the amendments affect where such information appears in the notes to financial statements because entities are required to include certain current disclosures in the same tabular format disclosure as the other disaggregation requirements in the amendments. The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this ASU to its consolidated financial statements. In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-06, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal - Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software (“ASU 2025-06”). The amendments in ASU 2025-06 remove all references to prescriptive and sequential software development stages. This ASU requires entities to begin capitalizing software costs when management authorizes and commits to funding the software project, and it is probable that the project will be completed, and the software will be used for its intended purpose. ASU 2025-06 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this ASU to its consolidated financial statements. In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-10, Accounting for Government Grants Received by Business Entities (Topic 832). This ASU provides recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure requirements for government grants, including guidance for grants related to an asset and grants related to income. ASU No. 2025-10 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2028, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this ASU to its consolidated financial statements. In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-11, Interim Reporting: Narrow-Scope Improvements (Topic 270). This ASU improves clarity for interim financial reporting requirements under the existing guidance within ASC Topic 270, by creating a comprehensive list of interim disclosure requirements, clarifying scope and applicability, along with adding a principle to disclose all material events that have occurred since the most recently filed Annual Report on Form 10-K. ASU No. 2025-11 is effective for interim reporting for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this ASU to its consolidated financial statements.

-75800000

-71300000

-77200000

-62600000

-316700000

28700000

1-for-10

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total amount shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands): <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Cash and cash equivalents</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">28,692</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">71,637</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Restricted cash</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">417</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">417</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt; padding-left: 9pt">Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">29,109</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">72,054</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

28692000

71637000

417000

29109000

72054000

Concentrations of Credit Risk and Other Risks and UncertaintiesThe Company’s cash and cash equivalents are maintained with financial institutions in the United States of America. Cash balances are held at financial institutions and account balances may exceed federally insured limits. To date, the Company has not experienced any losses on its cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities’ balances and periodically evaluates the creditworthiness of its financial institutions.The Company is subject to risks common to companies in the development stage, including, but not limited to, development and regulatory approval of new product candidates, development of markets and distribution channels, dependence on key personnel, and the ability to obtain additional capital as needed to fund its product plans. To achieve profitable operations, the Company must successfully develop and obtain requisite regulatory approvals for, manufacture, and market its product candidates. There can be no assurance that any such product candidate can be developed and approved or manufactured at an acceptable cost and with appropriate performance characteristics, or that such product will be successfully marketed. These factors could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s future financial results.Products developed by the Company require approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) or other international regulatory agencies prior to commercial sales. There can be no assurance that the Company’s future products will receive the necessary clearances. If the Company were denied such clearances or such clearances were delayed, it could have a materially adverse impact on the Company.

P3Y

P5Y

1100000

800000

300000

P12M

The following tables set forth the fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy (in thousands): <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December 31, 2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Level 1</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Level 2</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Level 3</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td>Financial assets</td><td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 52%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Money market funds</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 9%; text-align: right">27,692</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 9%; text-align: right">—</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 9%; text-align: right">—</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 9%; text-align: right">27,692</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">Total fair value of assets</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">27,692</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">—</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">—</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">27,692</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Financial liabilities</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Warrant liability</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">—</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">—</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">16,164</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">16,164</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Total fair value of financial liabilities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">—</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">—</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">16,164</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">16,164</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December 31, 2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Level 1</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Level 2</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Level 3</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td>Financial assets</td><td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 52%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Money market funds</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 9%; text-align: right">70,637</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 9%; text-align: right">—</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 9%; text-align: right">—</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 9%; text-align: right">70,637</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">Total fair value of assets</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">70,637</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">—</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">—</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">70,637</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

27692000

16164000

70637000

During the year ended December 31, 2025, the changes in the Company’s warrant liability were as follows (in thousands): <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Warrant Liability</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold">Fair Value as of December 31, 2024</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">—</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="width: 88%; padding-left: 9pt">Issuance of warrants</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">24,692</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 9pt">Change in the fair value</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(8,528</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt">Fair Value as of December 31, 2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">16,164</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

24692000

-8528000

16164000

The key inputs into valuation models used to estimate the fair value of the warrant liability as of September 22, 2025, the issuance date, and as of December 31, 2025 were as follows: <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December 31,</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">September 22,</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%">Common stock price</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">1.83</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">2.59</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Expected term (in years)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">4.22</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">4.5</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Expected volatility</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">113.30</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">113.00</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Risk-free interest rate</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">3.66</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">3.58</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr> </table>

1.83

2.59

4.22

4.5

113.3

113

3.66

3.58

The following table summarizes the details of prepaid expenses and other current assets as of the dates set forth below (in thousands): <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Research and development prepaid expenses</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">4,320</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">2,604</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Prepaid insurance</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">866</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">784</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Prepaid travel expenses</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">103</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">140</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Other prepaid expenses and current assets</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">664</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">646</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">5,953</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">4,174</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

4320000 2604000

866000

784000

103000 140000

664000

646000

5953000

4174000

The following table summarizes the details of property and equipment, net as of the dates set forth below (in thousands): <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Leasehold improvements</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">2,711</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">2,711</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Lab equipment</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,513</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">2,049</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Office furniture & fixtures</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">522</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">522</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Computer equipment</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">170</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">310</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Capitalized software</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">—</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">90</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt">Property and equipment, gross</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">4,916</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">5,682</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(4,814</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(3,807</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt; padding-left: 9pt">Property and equipment, net</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">102</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">1,875</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

2711000

1513000

2049000

522000

170000

310000

90000

4916000

5682000

4814000

3807000

102000

1875000

1100000

1400000

700000

600000

100000

The following table summarizes the details of accrued expenses and other current liabilities as of the dates set forth below (in thousands): <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Research and development accrued expenses</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">3,775</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">6,424</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Accrued employee and related compensation expenses</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,589</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">3,100</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Accrued legal and professional expenses</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">261</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">178</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Other</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">120</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">419</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">5,745</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">10,121</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

3775000 6424000

1589000

3100000

261000

178000

120000

419000

5745000

10121000

2300000

0.001 1000000

0.60

0.25

2300000

25000 35000 50000 9000000

35000

P4Y6M 75000 25000 50000 65000 1300000 7000000

25000

75000

11670707

675000

12345707

0.0001

0.0499 0.0999 0.1999 0.1999

300000

2.92

0.0499 0.0999 0.1999 0.1999

24700000

8500000

25900

400000

P60M

12500

1100000

400000

200000

The components of lease costs, which were included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, are as follows (in thousands): <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center">Year ended December 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-weight: bold">Lease cost</td><td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Operating lease cost</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">1,314</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">672</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Short-term lease cost</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">169</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">354</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Variable lease cost</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">674</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">438</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-indent: 9.05pt">Total lease cost</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">2,157</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">1,464</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> Supplemental information related to the Company’s operating leases is as follows: <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center">Year ended December 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities (in thousands)</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">1,823</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">1,153</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Weighted average remaining lease term (years)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">0.64</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1.61</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Weighted average discount rate</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">8.00</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">8.00</td><td style="text-align: left">%</td></tr> </table>

1314000

672000

169000

354000

674000

438000

2157000

1464000

1823000

1153000

P0Y7M20D

P1Y7M9D

0.08

The following table summarizes a maturity analysis of the Company’s operating lease liabilities showing the aggregate lease payments as of December 31, 2025 (in thousands): <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center; font-weight: bold">Amount</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 88%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Year Ending December 31, 2026</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 9%; text-align: right">1,260</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Total undiscounted lease payments</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,260</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Less imputed interest</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(25</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Total discounted lease payments</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,235</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Less current portion of lease liability</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(1,235</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Noncurrent portion of lease liability</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">—</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

1260000

25000

1235000

9000000

35000

8300000

25000

490000000

2000000

10000000

27996819

1 0.099

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had common stock reserved for future issuance as follows: <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Outstanding and issued common stock options</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">2,246,206</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">1,628,378</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Outstanding and issued restricted stock units</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">198,900</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">—</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Outstanding and issued performance-based restricted stock units</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">20,000</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">20,000</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td>Shares issuable upon exercise of Public Warrants (1)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">499,986</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">499,986</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Shares issuable upon exercise of Common Warrants</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">12,345,707</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">—</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td>Shares issuable upon exercise of Pre-Funded Warrants</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">675,000</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">—</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Shares available for grant under Equity Incentive Plans</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">843,360</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,791,291</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Shares available for grant under Employee Stock Purchase Plans</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">920,827</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">981,370</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Shares available for grant under 2022 Inducement Equity Incentive Plan</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">132,769</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">16,885</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Total shares of common stock reserved</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">17,882,755</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">4,937,910</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"> <td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">(1)</td><td style="text-align: left">The Company has 4,999,863 outstanding warrants to purchase an aggregate of 499,986 shares of its common stock (the “Public Warrants”). A holder may purchase one share of the Company’s common stock for every ten Public Warrants at an exercise price of $115.00 per share. The Public Warrants are publicly traded and exercisable during the exercise period, which commenced on October 24, 2021 and ends on September 24, 2026, for cash or, in certain circumstances, on a cashless basis. The Public Warrants were reclassified to equity in January 2023.</td> </tr></table>

2246206

1628378

198900

20000

499986

12345707

675000

843360

1791291

920827

981370

132769

16885

17882755

4937910

4999863

499986 115

250000000

263500000

100000000

1231447

6500000

93500000 3900000 47200000

11670707

675000 12345707 27500000 170000000

NOTE 10. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION On June 6, 2024, the Company’s 2024 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2024 Plan”) and the 2024 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2024 ESPP”) were approved by its stockholders and became effective, superseding and replacing the Company’s 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2021 Plan”) and the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2021 ESPP”), respectively. No further awards or purchase rights will be granted under the 2021 Plan or the 2021 ESPP. Under the 2024 Plan, the Company can grant incentive stock options, nonstatutory stock options, restricted stock awards, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance restricted stock units (“PSUs”), and other stock-based awards to employees, directors, and consultants. Under the 2024 ESPP, the Company can grant purchase rights to employees to purchase shares of common stock at a purchase price which is equal to 85% of the fair market value of common stock on the offering date or on the exercise date, whichever is lower. On March 14, 2022, the Compensation Committee of the Board (the “Compensation Committee”) adopted the 2022 Inducement Equity Incentive Plan (the “2022 Inducement Plan”) and on June 2, 2023, the Compensation Committee approved an amendment and restatement of the 2022 Inducement Plan. Under the 2022 Inducement Plan, the Company may grant nonstatutory stock options, restricted stock awards, stock appreciation rights, RSUs, performance awards and other awards, but only to an individual, as a material inducement to such individual to enter into employment with the Company or an affiliate of the Company, who (i) has not previously been an employee or director of the Company or (ii) is rehired following a bona fide period of non-employment with the Company. Stock options under the 2024 Plan and the 2022 Inducement Plan may be granted for periods of up to 10 years and at prices no less than 100% of the fair market value of the shares on the date of grant, provided, however, that the exercise price of an incentive stock option (which cannot be granted pursuant to the 2022 Inducement Plan) granted to a 10% stockholder may not be less than 110% of the fair market value of the shares. Stock options granted to employees and non-employees generally vest ratably over four years. As of December 31, 2025, 2,750,719 shares were reserved for issuance under the 2024 Plan, of which 843,360 shares were available for future grant and 1,907,359 shares were subject to outstanding options and RSUs, including performance-based awards of 50,894 shares. As of December 31, 2025, options to purchase 140,516 shares of common stock remained outstanding and unexercised, and continue to be governed by the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2019 EIP”). As of December 31, 2025, 29,802 shares have been issued under the 2021 ESPP and 79,173 shares have been issued under the 2024 ESPP. As of December 31, 2025, 1,000,000 shares were reserved under the 2024 ESPP and 920,827 shares were available for future issuance. As of December 31, 2025, 550,000 shares were reserved for issuance under the 2022 Inducement Plan, of which 132,769 shares were available for future grant and 417,231 shares were subject to outstanding stock options.Stock Option Activity The following table summarizes the stock option activities, including performance-based stock options, under the 2024 Plan, the 2021 Plan, the 2022 Inducement Plan and the 2019 EIP for the year ended December 31, 2025: <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Options Outstanding</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Weighted Average Exercise Price</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 52%">Balance, December 31, 2024</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">1,628,378</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">19.79</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">8.31</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">6,608</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Options granted</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,269,200</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">5.95</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Options cancelled/forfeited</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(651,372</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">$</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">13.75</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">Balance, December 31, 2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">2,246,206</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">$</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right">13.72</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right">4.81</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">$</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right">—</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Vested and expected to vest, December 31, 2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">2,246,206</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">$</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right">13.72</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right">4.81</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">$</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right">—</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">Exercisable, December 31, 2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">906,750</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">$</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right">20.32</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right">3.89</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">$</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right">—</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> The aggregate intrinsic value represents the difference between the estimated fair value of the underlying common stock and the exercise price of outstanding, in-the-money options. The total intrinsic value of the options exercised during the year ended December 31, 2024 was $0.5 million. No options were exercised during the year ended December 31, 2025. The total fair value of options that vested during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $7.5 million and $5.5 million, respectively. The weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $4.73 and $16.89 per share, respectively. Unamortized stock-based compensation expense as of December 31, 2025 was $8.9 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.5 years. Performance-Based Stock Options The following table provides a summary of performance-based stock options activity under the 2024 Plan and the 2021 Plan during the year ended December 31, 2025: <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Options Outstanding</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Weighted Average Exercise Price</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 52%">Balance, December 31, 2024</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">45,894</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">13.95</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">6.04</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">438</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Options forfeited</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(15,000</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">27.60</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">Balance, December 31, 2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">30,894</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right">7.33</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right">4.43</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right">—</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Vested and expected to vest, December 31, 2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">30,894</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right">7.33</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right">4.43</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right">—</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">Exercisable, December 31, 2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">30,894</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right">7.33</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right">4.43</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right">—</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) The following table provides a summary of RSU activity under the 2024 Plan during the year ended December 31, 2025: <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Number of Share</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Unvested restricted stock units at December 31, 2024</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">—</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">—</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="width: 76%">Granted</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">275,250</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">6.00</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Vested</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(12,000</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">5.94</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Forfeited</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(64,350</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">$</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">6.00</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Unvested restricted stock units at December 31, 2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">198,900</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">$</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right">6.00</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> Performance Restricted Stock Units (PSUs) In June 2024, the Company granted PSUs for 20,000 shares that will vest in full if the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market reaches or exceeds $35.00 per share (subject to adjustment for recapitalizations, stock splits and similar transactions) for thirty consecutive calendar days within two years from the grant date. If the vesting condition is not met within two years from the grant date, the PSUs will be forfeited. The Company concluded that issued PSUs are equity-based awards and include a market based vesting condition. The Company used a Monte Carlo simulation model to estimate the fair value of the PSUs with the following assumptions: common stock fair value of $23.95, which was the closing market price of the Company’s common stock at the grant date, volatility of 133.00%, risk free rate of 4.87%, and vesting term of 2.0 years. Total estimated fair value of $0.4 million was recognized as stock-based compensation expense over 0.4 years, the derived requisite service period from the grant date. The was no PSU activities during the year ended December 31, 2025. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company has unvested outstanding PSUs for 20,000 shares with the weighted-average grant date fair value of $21.90 per share. Employee Stock Purchase Plans The Company issued 60,543 and 29,491 shares of common stock under the 2024 ESPP and 2021 ESPP during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and recognized $0.5 million and $0.2 million compensation expense related to the 2024 ESPP and 2021 ESPP during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. There was no unamortized stock-based compensation for shares issuable under the 2021 ESPP as of December 31, 2025. There was $0.2 million unamortized stock-based compensation for shares issuable under the 2024 ESPP as of December 31, 2025, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.9 years. The Company recorded less than $0.1 million in accrued expenses and other current liabilities related to contributions withheld as of December 31, 2025. Stock-Based Compensation Expense The following table presents stock-based compensation expenses related to options, PSUs and RSUs granted to employees and non-employees, employee stock purchase plan awards and restricted common stock shares issued to founders (in thousands): <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Year Ended December 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">General and administrative</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">4,718</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">4,580</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Research and development</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,995</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">2,039</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; padding-left: 9pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">6,713</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">6,619</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>The Company recognized $0.2 million and $0.5 million of stock-based compensation expense related to performance-based options, PSUs and RSUs during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Valuation of Stock Options The grant date fair value of stock options was estimated using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td> <td colspan="5" style="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">Year Ended December 31,</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 61%; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 17%; text-align: center">2025</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: center">2024</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: center"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Expected term (in years)</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">5.27 – 6.08</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">5.50 – 6.08</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Expected volatility</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">97.37% – 99.81%</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center">95.80% – 123.10%</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Risk-free interest rate</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">3.82% – 4.35%</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">3.63% – 4.50%</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Expected dividend yield</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">—</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">—</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> </table> The determination of the fair value of stock options on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model is affected by the estimated fair value of the Company’s common stock, as well as assumptions regarding a number of variables that are complex, subjective and generally require significant judgment to determine. The Company estimates the fair value of its common stock based on the closing quoted market price of its common stock as reported on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Expected Term The expected term represents the period that the options granted are expected to be outstanding and is determined using the simplified method (based on the mid-point between the vesting date and the end of the contractual term) as the Company has concluded that its stock option exercise history does not provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate expected term. Expected Volatility The Company derived the expected volatility from the average historical volatilities over a period approximately equal to the expected term of comparable publicly traded companies within its peer group that were deemed to be representative of future stock price trends. The Company will continue to apply this process until a sufficient amount of historical information regarding the volatility of its own stock price becomes available. Risk-Free Interest Rate The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury rate, with maturities similar to the expected term of the stock options. Expected Dividend Yield The Company does not anticipate paying any dividends in the foreseeable future and, therefore, uses an expected dividend yield of zero. Valuation of ESPP Awards The grant date fair value of ESPP awards granted under the 2024 ESPP was estimated using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">Year Ended December 31,</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">2025</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">2024</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 58%">Expected term (in years)</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 18%; text-align: center">0.49 – 2.00</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 18%; text-align: center">0.38 – 2.00</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Expected volatility</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">104.93% – 155.78%</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center">67.74% – 154.96%</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Risk-free interest rate</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">3.54% – 4.31%</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">4.13% –5.36%</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Expected dividend yield</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">—</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">—</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> </table>

0.85

P10Y

0.10

1.10

2750719

843360

1907359

50894

140516

29802

79173

1000000

920827

550000

132769

417231

The following table summarizes the stock option activities, including performance-based stock options, under the 2024 Plan, the 2021 Plan, the 2022 Inducement Plan and the 2019 EIP for the year ended December 31, 2025: <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Options Outstanding</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Weighted Average Exercise Price</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 52%">Balance, December 31, 2024</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">1,628,378</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">19.79</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">8.31</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">6,608</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Options granted</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,269,200</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">5.95</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Options cancelled/forfeited</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(651,372</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">$</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">13.75</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">Balance, December 31, 2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">2,246,206</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">$</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right">13.72</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right">4.81</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">$</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right">—</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Vested and expected to vest, December 31, 2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">2,246,206</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">$</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right">13.72</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right">4.81</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">$</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right">—</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">Exercisable, December 31, 2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">906,750</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">$</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right">20.32</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right">3.89</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">$</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right">—</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>The following table provides a summary of performance-based stock options activity under the 2024 Plan and the 2021 Plan during the year ended December 31, 2025: <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Options Outstanding</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Weighted Average Exercise Price</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 52%">Balance, December 31, 2024</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">45,894</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">13.95</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">6.04</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">438</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Options forfeited</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(15,000</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">27.60</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">Balance, December 31, 2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">30,894</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right">7.33</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right">4.43</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right">—</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Vested and expected to vest, December 31, 2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">30,894</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right">7.33</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right">4.43</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right">—</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt">Exercisable, December 31, 2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">30,894</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right">7.33</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right">4.43</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right">—</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

1628378

19.79

P8Y3M21D

6608000

1269200

5.95

651372

13.75

2246206

13.72

P4Y9M21D

2246206

13.72

P4Y9M21D

906750

20.32

P3Y10M20D

500000

7500000

5500000

4.73

16.89

8900000

P2Y6M

45894

13.95

P6Y14D

438000

15000

27.6

30894

7.33

P4Y5M4D

30894

7.33

P4Y5M4D

30894

7.33

P4Y5M4D

The following table provides a summary of RSU activity under the 2024 Plan during the year ended December 31, 2025: <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Number of Share</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Unvested restricted stock units at December 31, 2024</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">—</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">—</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="width: 76%">Granted</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">275,250</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">6.00</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Vested</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(12,000</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">5.94</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Forfeited</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(64,350</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">$</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right">6.00</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Unvested restricted stock units at December 31, 2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">198,900</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">$</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: right">6.00</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

275250

12000

5.94

64350

198900

20000

23.95

1.33

0.0487

P2Y

P0Y4M24D

400000

20000

21.9

60543

29491

500000

200000

P1Y10M24D

100000

The following table presents stock-based compensation expenses related to options, PSUs and RSUs granted to employees and non-employees, employee stock purchase plan awards and restricted common stock shares issued to founders (in thousands): <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Year Ended December 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">General and administrative</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">4,718</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">4,580</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Research and development</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,995</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">2,039</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; padding-left: 9pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">6,713</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">6,619</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

4718000

4580000

1995000

2039000

6713000

6619000

200000

500000

The grant date fair value of stock options was estimated using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td> <td colspan="5" style="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">Year Ended December 31,</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 61%; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 17%; text-align: center">2025</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%; text-align: center">2024</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: center"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Expected term (in years)</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">5.27 – 6.08</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">5.50 – 6.08</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Expected volatility</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">97.37% – 99.81%</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center">95.80% – 123.10%</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Risk-free interest rate</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">3.82% – 4.35%</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">3.63% – 4.50%</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Expected dividend yield</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">—</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">—</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">Year Ended December 31,</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">2025</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">2024</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 58%">Expected term (in years)</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 18%; text-align: center">0.49 – 2.00</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 18%; text-align: center">0.38 – 2.00</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Expected volatility</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">104.93% – 155.78%</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center">67.74% – 154.96%</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Risk-free interest rate</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">3.54% – 4.31%</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">4.13% –5.36%</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Expected dividend yield</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">—</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">—</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> </table>

P5Y3M7D

P6Y29D

P5Y6M

P6Y29D

0.9737

0.9981

0.958

1.231

0.0382

0.0435

0.0363

0.045

P0Y5M26D

P2Y

P0Y4M17D

P2Y

1.0493

1.5578

0.6774

1.5496

0.0354

0.0431

0.0413

0.0536

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders (in thousands, except share and per share data): <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Year Ended December 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td>Numerator:</td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"> </td><td> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Net loss attributable to common stockholders</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; width: 9%; text-align: right">(75,801</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; width: 9%; text-align: right">(71,269</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td>Denominator:</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Weighted average common shares outstanding</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">19,168,110</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">14,661,468</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Less: Shares subject to earnout</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">—</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(76,598</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Weighted average shares used to compute basic and diluted net loss per share</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">19,168,110</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">14,584,870</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders – basic and diluted</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(3.95</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(4.89</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> </table>

-75801000

-71269000

19168110

14661468

76598

19168110

14584870

-3.95

-4.89

The potential shares of common stock that were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the periods presented because including them would have had an antidilutive effect were as follows: <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">December 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Outstanding and issued common stock options</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">2,246,206</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">1,628,378</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Outstanding and issued restricted stock units</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">198,900</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">—</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Shares issuable upon exercise of Public Warrants</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">499,986</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">499,986</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td>Shares issuable upon exercise of Common Warrants</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">12,345,707</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">—</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Unvested performance-based restricted stock units</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">20,000</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">20,000</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt">Total</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">15,310,799</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,148,364</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

2246206

1628378

198900

499986

12345707

20000

15310799

2148364

NOTE 12. INCOME TAXES During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company did not incur any tax expense or benefit as the Company operated with taxable losses and provided a full valuation allowance. The following table is a reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% to the Company’s effective rate for the year ended December 31, 2025 in accordance with the guidance in ASU No. 2023-09: <table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Year Ended December 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Tax at the federal statutory rate</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">(15,918</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">21.00</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">%</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Nondeductible items</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left">Stock-based compensation</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,178</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(1.55</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left">Change in fair value of warrant liability</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(1,791</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">2.36</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left">Other permanent differences</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">32</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(0.05</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Research and development credits</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(1,308</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1.73</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Change in valuation allowance</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">17,807</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(23.49</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">State taxes</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-85">—</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-86">—</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Provision for income taxes</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-87">—</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-88">—</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>The following table presents a reconciliation of the income tax expense computed at the statutory federal rate and the Company’s income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2024 (in thousands): <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Year Ended December 31,</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 88%; text-align: left">Federal statutory tax rate</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">(14,966</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">State taxes</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(2</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Research and development credits</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(1,492</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Stock-based compensation</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">986</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Other permanent differences</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">353</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Change in valuation allowance</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">15,123</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Provision for income taxes</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">2</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> Significant components of the Company’s net deferred tax assets (liabilities) as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows (in thousands): <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">December 31,</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">2025</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">2024</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Deferred tax assets:</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 78%">Accrued expenses and other</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%">$</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 8%; text-align: right">242</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%">$</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 8%; text-align: right">479</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Intangibles</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">286</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">287</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Net operating losses</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">48,712</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">31,820</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Research and development credits</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">7,079</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">6,031</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Stock-based compensation</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">1,371</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">1,146</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Lease liability</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">259</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">382</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Section 195 start-up amortization</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">193</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">211</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Capitalized section 174</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">19,112</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">21,128</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Other</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">542</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">340</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total deferred tax assets</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">77,796</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">61,824</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Valuation allowance</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(77,691</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(61,590</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total net deferred tax assets</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">105</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">234</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Deferred tax liabilities:</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Right-of-use asset</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(105</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(206</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Fixed assets</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">—</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(28</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total deferred tax liabilities</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(105</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(234</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Net deferred tax assets</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</td> <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">—</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</td> <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">—</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> </table> A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company believes that, based on a number of factors such as the history of operating losses, it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be fully realized, such that a full valuation allowance has been recorded. The valuation allowance increased by $16.1 million and $15.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.The following table sets forth the Company’s federal and state net operating loss carryforwards as of December 31, 2025 (in thousands): <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Amount</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Expiration Years</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Net operating losses, Federal</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">210,421</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 11%; text-align: center">Do not expire</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Net operating losses, states primarily California</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">64,946</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">2038-2042</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Tax credits, Federal</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">6,630</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">2040-2045</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Tax credits, state</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">4,680</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">N/A</td></tr> </table> As of December 31, 2025, the Company had research and development credit carryforwards of approximately $2.1 million and $1.4 million available to reduce future taxable income, if any, for both federal and California state income tax purposes, respectively. The federal research and development credit carryforwards begin expiring in 2040, and California credits carryforward indefinitely. Utilization of the net operating loss carryforwards and research credit carryforwards may be subject to an annual limitation due to the ownership percentage change limitations provided by the Internal Revenue Code, as amended (“IRC”), and similar state provisions. Annual limitations may result in the expiration of the net operating losses and tax credit carryforwards before they are utilized. As of December 31, 2022, the Company has completed an IRC Section 382 analysis from inception through the year ended December 31, 2022. The Company experienced an ownership change on November 21, 2019 related to Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock financing. Any net operating loss generated in excess of the $2.9 million will be permanently limited for California tax purposes. The Company reduced its California net operating loss deferred tax assets balance by the permanently limited amount of $0.6 million. Net federal operating losses are not limited as they can be carried forward indefinitely. The Company experienced an additional ownership change on September 24, 2021 in connection with the business combination with Amplitude Healthcare Acquisition Corporation, a special purpose acquisition company. Any further potential ownership change will be evaluated through a section 382 study. However, the Company does not expect there are additional tax attributes that will expire unused before the expiration periods. Uncertain Tax Positions A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the unrecognized tax benefits during the periods ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 is as follows (in thousands): <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Year Ended December 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Balance at beginning of year</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">3,059</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">2,420</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Additions based on tax positions related to current year</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">709</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">639</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Lapse of the applicable statute of limitations</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(90</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">—</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Balance at end of year</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">3,678</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">3,059</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> The Company recognizes interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits and penalties as income tax expense. Related to the unrecognized tax benefits noted above, the Company did not accrue any penalties or interest during tax year 2025 and 2024. The Company is subject to examination by the United States federal and state tax authorities for the tax years 2022 and later. State income tax returns are generally subject to examination for a period of four years after filing of the respective return. To the extent the Company has tax attribute carryforwards, the tax years in which the attribute was generated may still be adjusted upon examination by the Internal Revenue Service and state tax authorities to the extent utilized in a future period. No income tax returns are currently under examination by taxing authorities. On July 4, 2025, new legislation was enacted in the United States which includes significant provisions, including, but not limited to, modifications of capitalization of research and development expenses and accelerated fixed asset depreciation. The legislation has multiple effective dates, with certain provisions effective in 2025 and others implemented through 2027. The Company has evaluated the impact of new legislation and determined that it does not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

The following table is a reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% to the Company’s effective rate for the year ended December 31, 2025 in accordance with the guidance in ASU No. 2023-09: <table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Year Ended December 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Tax at the federal statutory rate</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">(15,918</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">21.00</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">%</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Nondeductible items</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left">Stock-based compensation</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,178</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(1.55</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left">Change in fair value of warrant liability</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(1,791</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">2.36</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-left: 20pt; text-align: left">Other permanent differences</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">32</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(0.05</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Research and development credits</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(1,308</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1.73</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-left: 10pt; text-align: left">Change in valuation allowance</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">17,807</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(23.49</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">State taxes</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-85">—</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-86">—</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Provision for income taxes</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-87">—</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-88">—</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="white-space: nowrap; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Year Ended December 31,</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 88%; text-align: left">Federal statutory tax rate</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">(14,966</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">State taxes</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(2</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Research and development credits</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(1,492</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Stock-based compensation</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">986</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Other permanent differences</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">353</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Change in valuation allowance</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">15,123</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Provision for income taxes</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">2</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

0.21

-15918000

0.21

1178000

-0.0155

-1791000 0.0236

32000

-0.0005

1308000

-0.0173

17807000

-0.2349

-14966000

-2000

1492000

986000

353000

15123000

2000

Significant components of the Company’s net deferred tax assets (liabilities) as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows (in thousands): <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">December 31,</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">2025</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">2024</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Deferred tax assets:</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 78%">Accrued expenses and other</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%">$</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 8%; text-align: right">242</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%">$</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 8%; text-align: right">479</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Intangibles</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">286</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">287</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Net operating losses</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">48,712</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">31,820</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Research and development credits</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">7,079</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">6,031</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Stock-based compensation</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">1,371</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">1,146</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Lease liability</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">259</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">382</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Section 195 start-up amortization</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">193</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">211</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Capitalized section 174</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">19,112</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">21,128</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Other</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">542</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">340</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total deferred tax assets</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">77,796</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">61,824</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Valuation allowance</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(77,691</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(61,590</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total net deferred tax assets</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">105</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">234</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Deferred tax liabilities:</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Right-of-use asset</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(105</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(206</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Fixed assets</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">—</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(28</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total deferred tax liabilities</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(105</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">(234</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">)</td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Net deferred tax assets</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</td> <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">—</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</td> <td style="border-bottom: black 4.5pt double; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">—</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td></tr> </table>

242000

479000

286000

287000

48712000

31820000

7079000

6031000

1371000

1146000

259000 382000

193000

211000

19112000

21128000

542000

340000

77796000

61824000

77691000

61590000

105000

234000

105000

206000

28000

105000

234000

16100000

15100000

The following table sets forth the Company’s federal and state net operating loss carryforwards as of December 31, 2025 (in thousands): <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Amount</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Expiration Years</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Net operating losses, Federal</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">210,421</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 11%; text-align: center">Do not expire</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Net operating losses, states primarily California</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">64,946</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">2038-2042</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Tax credits, Federal</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">6,630</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">2040-2045</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Tax credits, state</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">4,680</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">N/A</td></tr> </table>

210421000

Do not expire

64946000

2038-2042

6630000

2040-2045

4680000

N/A

2100000

1400000

2900000

600000

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the unrecognized tax benefits during the periods ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 is as follows (in thousands): <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Year Ended December 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Balance at beginning of year</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">3,059</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">2,420</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Additions based on tax positions related to current year</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">709</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">639</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Lapse of the applicable statute of limitations</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(90</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">—</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Balance at end of year</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">3,678</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">3,059</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

3059000

2420000

709000

639000

90000

3678000

3059000

200000

300000

100000

900000

1400000

100000

The Company’s chief operating decision maker, its Chief Executive Officer (the “CEO”), manages the Company’s operations on a consolidated basis. The CEO assesses the segment’s performance and allocates resources based on review of various development, manufacturing and clinical programs expenses, along with the segment’s personnel and general and overhead costs.

In addition to the significant expense categories included within net loss presented in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, see below for disaggregated amounts that comprise total operating expenses: <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="white-space: nowrap; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Year Ended December 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2025</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2024</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Personnel-related costs</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">27,497</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">27,615</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Facilities and overhead costs</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">14,751</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">14,356</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left">Program costs</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt">Briquilimab platform</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">6,727</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">5,637</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="padding-left: 9pt">CMO</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">12,912</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">9,500</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-left: 9pt">CSU</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">12,047</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">10,689</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="padding-left: 9pt">Asthma</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">4,971</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,975</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-left: 9pt">CIndU</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">3,294</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">2,234</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="padding-left: 9pt">SCID</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,466</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">2,409</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 9pt">MDS/AML</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">218</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,824</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 0.25in">Total program costs</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">41,635</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">34,268</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 0.25in">Total operating expense</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">83,883</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">76,239</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Other income, net</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">8,082</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">4,970</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Net loss</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(75,801</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">(71,269</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> </table>

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The restructuring and impairment charges are included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2025, as follows (in thousands): <table cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center">Restructuring cost</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Impairment loss</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Research and development</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">1,780</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">806</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; "> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">General and administrative</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">473</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">306</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; padding-left: 9pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">2,253</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">1,112</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

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306000

2253000

1112000

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http://fasb.org/srt/2025#ChiefExecutiveOfficerMember

0001788028 false FY The Company has 4,999,863 outstanding warrants to purchase an aggregate of 499,986 shares of its common stock (the “Public Warrants”). A holder may purchase one share of the Company’s common stock for every ten Public Warrants at an exercise price of $115.00 per share. The Public Warrants are publicly traded and exercisable during the exercise period, which commenced on October 24, 2021 and ends on September 24, 2026, for cash or, in certain circumstances, on a cashless basis. The Public Warrants were reclassified to equity in January 2023.